If you’ve ever watched an anime, visited Japan, or eaten at a Japanese restaurant, you’ve likely heard the word “itadakimasu” (頂きます) before someone starts eating. It’s a small phrase, but it carries deep meaning, cultural significance, and layers of gratitude.
In this guide, you’ll learn what “itadakimasu” really means, why it’s important, how to use it correctly, and the philosophy behind it. Whether you’re planning a trip to Japan or just want to understand Japanese culture better, mastering “itadakimasu” will enrich your dining experiences.
Let’s dive in!
What Does “Itadakimasu” Literally Mean?
“Itadakimasu” comes from the humble form of the verb itadaku (頂く), which means “to humbly receive.”
Breakdown:
- 頂 (itadaku) = to receive with gratitude or humility
- ます (masu) = polite verb ending
Thus, “itadakimasu” literally means “I humbly receive.”
When said before a meal, it expresses gratitude for:
- The food itself
- The people who prepared the meal
- The farmers, hunters, and fishermen who provided ingredients
- The animals and plants that gave their lives
In short, it acknowledges everything that made the meal possible.
Why Do Japanese People Say “Itadakimasu”?
In Japanese culture, meals are not just about eating — they are about respect, gratitude, and mindfulness.
Saying “itadakimasu” shows:
- Appreciation for nature’s bounty
- Respect for the time and effort of the cook
- Humility in receiving sustenance
It’s a simple way to connect everyday life with larger ideas of respect, community, and life itself.
Philosophical roots:
- Influences from Buddhism: All living things have life, and consuming them deserves acknowledgment.
- Shintoism: Nature and objects have spirits (kami), so offerings and gratitude are important.
When to Say “Itadakimasu”
You say “itadakimasu” immediately before eating or drinking.
How:
- Bring your hands together in front of your chest (optional but common)
- Slightly bow your head
- Say “Itadakimasu” clearly and sincerely
Where:
- At home with family
- In restaurants
- During school lunches
- At company dinners
Note: Even if you’re eating alone, many Japanese people still quietly say “itadakimasu” out of habit and respect.
How to Pronounce “Itadakimasu”
- I: short “ee” sound, like “eel”
- Ta: short “ta” as in “task”
- Da: short “da” like “dark”
- Ki: short “kee” as in “key”
- Masu: soft “mas,” almost like “moss” but with a light “u” sound at the end
Full pronunciation:
- “ee-ta-da-kee-moss”
Tip: The final “u” in “masu” is barely pronounced, especially in casual speech.
Cultural Etiquette Around “Itadakimasu”
1. Do It Even If You’re Not Religious
“Itadakimasu” is not a religious prayer. It’s more like a polite custom — anyone can say it regardless of belief.
2. Use Body Language
Putting your hands together (gassho) and bowing slightly is respectful and common, especially in traditional settings.
3. Respect Group Timing
If you’re eating with others, wait until everyone is ready and say “itadakimasu” together. It’s seen as rude to start eating before others are ready.
Common phrases:
- Host: “Douzo meshiagatte kudasai.” (どうぞめしあがってください) — Please enjoy the meal.
- Guests: “Itadakimasu!”
4. Children Learn It Early
In Japan, kids are taught from preschool age to say “itadakimasu” before eating and “gochisousama deshita” (ごちそうさまでした) after finishing.
Related Phrase: “Gochisousama Deshita”
At the end of the meal, you say “gochisousama deshita” to express gratitude for the meal.
Meaning:
- “Thank you for the meal.”
- “Thank you for the effort and hospitality.”
Tip: Saying “gochisousama deshita” is just as important as saying “itadakimasu.”
When Foreigners Say “Itadakimasu”
Japanese people truly appreciate when foreigners make an effort to say “itadakimasu.”
Even if your pronunciation isn’t perfect, showing respect for the food and culture earns positive reactions.
Benefits of saying “itadakimasu” as a foreigner:
- Shows cultural sensitivity
- Makes dining experiences more immersive
- Builds rapport with Japanese hosts or friends
Common Situations for Saying “Itadakimasu”
| Situation | Should You Say “Itadakimasu”? |
|---|---|
| Family dinner | Yes |
| Lunch with coworkers | Yes |
| Eating a snack alone | Optional but common |
| Buying street food | Optional, but polite |
| Fancy restaurant meal | Definitely |
| Eating quickly on the go | Not necessary |
Tip: In casual fast-food settings or while eating while standing (e.g., at a food stall), saying “itadakimasu” is more flexible.
Variations and Casual Forms
- Itadakimasu! (normal)
- Itadakimashita! (sometimes used casually by mistake — proper only after receiving something)
- Itadaku! (super casual, often in manga or anime)
Formal alternative:
- “Choudai itashimasu” (頂戴致します) — used in very formal settings
Origins and History of “Itadakimasu”
1. Religious Influence
Buddhism emphasized respecting life and not taking living things for granted. This respect evolved into phrases like “itadakimasu” when receiving food.
2. Samurai Culture
In feudal Japan, “itadaku” originally referred to physically raising something (like offerings) above one’s head to show humility.
Over time, it became a phrase of gratitude used in daily life, especially during meals.
3. Modern Usage
Today, “itadakimasu” has become a secular, everyday practice embedded in Japanese dining culture, taught universally in schools and households.
FAQ
Can I skip saying “itadakimasu” if I’m not Japanese?
It’s polite to say it, but not mandatory. However, making the effort is deeply appreciated.
Should I say “itadakimasu” if I’m just drinking something?
Yes, especially if it’s part of a formal meal or tea ceremony.
What do I say after eating?
Say “gochisousama deshita” (ごちそうさまでした).
How do I teach children to say “itadakimasu”?
Model it yourself before meals, and gently encourage kids to bring their hands together and say it with a smile.
What’s the difference between “itadakimasu” and “arigatou”?
“Itadakimasu” expresses humble gratitude before receiving something (like food), while “arigatou” is a more general “thank you.”
Conclusion
“Itadakimasu” may seem like a simple phrase, but it holds the heart of Japanese culture — gratitude, respect, mindfulness, and connection. Whether you’re dining at a high-end kaiseki restaurant, grabbing onigiri from a convenience store, or sharing a home-cooked meal with friends, taking a moment to say “itadakimasu” shows appreciation for the food, the people, and the life that made the meal possible.
Next time you sit down to eat, put your hands together, smile, and say it proudly: “Itadakimasu!”
It will make your meals, and your connection to Japanese culture, even more meaningful.
